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SIGMA 3 (2007), 099, 43 pages arXiv:0710.2756
https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2007.099
Contribution to the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics
From Holonomy of the Ising Model Form Factors to n-Fold Integrals and the Theory of Elliptic Curves
Salah Boukraa a, Saoud Hassani b, Jean-Marie Maillard c and Nadjah Zenine b
a) LPTHIRM and Département d'Aéronautique,
Université de Blida, Algeria
b) Centre de Recherche Nucléaire d'Alger, 2 Bd. Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000 Alger, Algeria
c) LPTMC, Université de Paris 6, Tour 24,
4ème étage, case 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
Received September 19, 2007, in final form October 07, 2007; Published online October 15, 2007
Abstract
We recall the form factors f(j)N,N
corresponding to the l-extension
C(N,N; l) of the two-point diagonal
correlation function of the
Ising model on the square lattice and their associated linear
differential equations which exhibit
both a "Russian-doll" nesting,
and a decomposition of the linear
differential operators as a direct sum of operators (equivalent
to symmetric powers of the differential operator
of the complete elliptic integral E).
The scaling limit
of these differential operators breaks the direct sum
structure but not the "Russian doll" structure, the "scaled"
linear differential operators
being no longer Fuchsian. We then introduce some multiple integrals
of the Ising class expected to have the same singularities as the
singularities of the n-particle contributions c(n)
to the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model.
We find the Fuchsian linear differential equations satisfied by these
multiple integrals for n = 1, 2, 3, 4 and,
only modulo a prime, for n = 5 and 6, thus providing a large set
of (possible) new singularities of the c(n).
We get the location of these singularities
by solving the Landau conditions.
We discuss the mathematical, as well as physical,
interpretation of these new singularities.
Among the singularities found,
we underline the fact that the quadratic polynomial condition
1 + 3w + 4w2 = 0, that occurs in
the linear differential equation of c(3),
actually corresponds to
the occurrence of complex multiplication for
elliptic curves. The interpretation of complex multiplication
for elliptic curves as complex fixed points of
generators of the exact renormalization group
is sketched. The other singularities occurring in our multiple integrals
are not related to complex multiplication situations, suggesting
a geometric interpretation in terms of more general
(motivic) mathematical structures
beyond the theory of elliptic curves.
The scaling limit of the (lattice off-critical) structures
as a confluent limit of regular singularities is discussed in the conclusion.
Key words:
form factors; sigma form of Painlevé VI; two-point correlation functions of the lattice Ising model; Fuchsian linear differential equations; complete elliptic integrals; elliptic representation of Painlevé VI; scaling limit of the Ising model; susceptibility of the Ising model; singular behaviour; Fuchsian linear differential equations; apparent singularities; Landau singularities; pinch singularities; modular forms; Landen transformation; isogenies of elliptic curves; complex multiplication; Heegner numbers; moduli space of curves; pointed curves.
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